Program note
Alberto Rojo's Into the Labyrinth is a linear history of the scientific discipline of physics told through a pastiche of dramatic narration, north Argentinian folkloric music, jazz drum elements, and an accompanying backdrop of winds and percussion. The work explores the aesthetic intersections of science and the arts. Rojo himself is both an artist and physicist who believes that the two disciplines are not antagonistic but rather inextricably linked. The composer notes that advancements in scientific understanding have been made in pursuit of resolving aesthetic discomfort with existing theory; a search for beauty leads to truth.
To explore a broad history of physics, the piece, which draws inspiration from Sergei Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf and Aaron Copland's Lincoln Portrait, weaves together texts from scientific figures including Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), Isaac Newton (1643–1727), Rudolf Clausius (1822–1888), Marie Curie (1867–1934), Albert Einstein (1879–1955), Max Planck (1858–1947), Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976), Richard Feynman (1918–1988), and Vera Rubin (1928–2016), along with excerpts from Nobel Prize-winning playwright Elfriede Jelinek's 2011 play Kein Licht (“No Light”).
The process of creating the piece represents another act of collaborative intersection. Rojo and Michael Gould, the arranger of the work, perform together in the Alberto Rojo Trio and began collaborating in 2008. The two use their artistry as a vehicle to create accessibility around complex scientific issues such as climate change and quantum physics. The inception of this work began in 2016, and the duo commissioned Andrea Reinkemeyer, U-M DMA composition alumna, to orchestrate the composition. The final piece bears aspects of all three artists.
The movements
I. From free fall to increasing entropy
The first movement opens with a cosmic, ethereal atmosphere created by bowed and scraped percussion. Solo guitar emerges and introduces an Argentinian-inspired folk dance as the text reflects a sense of hopelessness underscored by Galileo's quotation:
The music turns tranquil and introduces Sir Isaac Newton's Laws of Motion before dramatically shifting to a malambo, an Argentinian folk dance performed with stomps, kicks, and foot scrapes. Rojo's malambo is paired with Rudolf Clausius's definitions of thermodynamics, specifically the concepts of “energy” and “entropy.”
The book of the universe is written in mathematical language; its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometric figures; if we cannot understand these, we will remain wandering in a dark labyrinth.
II. From electromagnetism to relative time
The tuneful beginning of the second movement alternates between sung poetry and narration which describes James Clerk Maxwell's (1831–1879) and Hippolyte Fizeau's (1819–1896) discovery and definition of electromagnetism. Marie Curie's 1896 discovery of radioactivity follows, musically depicted by highly chromatic, unstable gestures. The movement closes with Albert Einstein's work surrounding relativity.
III. Bolero
Movement three is a bolero in the vein of Maurice Ravel's eponymous work. The narration centers around the work of Max Planck and Werner Heisenberg, theoretical physicists who were pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics and whose work transformed the understanding of atomic and subatomic processes.
IV. From atoms to dark matter
The work concludes with “From Atoms to Dark Matter,” which introduces the theoretical physicists Richard Feynman, known for the theory of quantum electrodynamics and his work in particle physics, and Vera Rubin, who provided the first evidence for the existence of dark matter. The movement begins with a folk-song-like setting of Luis Pescetti's “Árbol Cuenta” (“A Tree Tells”). The second half of the work alternates between traditional Argentinian chacarera dance and baguala song. The work concludes with the open-ended declamation to continue the search for understanding.
Acknowledgments
Alberto Rojo and Michael Gould wish to thank the following individuals and institutions:
- University of Michigan Office of Research
- Dean, College of Arts and Sciences, Oakland University
- Andrea Reinkemeyer, Orchestrator
- Malcolm Tulip, Narrator & Script Editor
- Nicholas Balla, Conductor
- Elfriede Jelinek, Author
- Gitta Honegger, Translator
- Teresa Kovacs, Dramaturge
- Pedro Aznar
- Luis Pescetti
- Catherine Badgley
- Carl Abrego
- Michael Haithcock
- Karen Fournier
- Kristy Kuster
- Dave Schall
- Roger Arnett
- Katri Ervamaa
- Jonathan Smith
Ensemble
- Flute
- Brandon LePage
- Jordan Smith, piccolo
- Oboe
- Jeffrey Langer
- Eli Stefanacci, English horn
- Clarinet
- Benjamin Taylor, bass clarinet
- René Ulloa
- Bassoon
- Aliciana LoTemple, contrabassoon
- Bryce Richardson
- Saxophone
- Roberto Campa, tenor saxophone
- Matt Dardick, baritone saxophone
- Nicholas Napier, alto saxophone
- Walt Puyear, soprano saxophone
- Trumpet
- Francis Chiodo
- Horn
- Kathryn Marks
- Dallin Taylor
- Trombone
- Rafael Marques
- Tuba
- Nathan Shook
- Percussion
- Jean Carlo Ureña González
- James Koo
- Gavin Ryan